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The R-7 Semyorka was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The basis for the R-7 rocket family, it was adapted into the world's first orbital launch vehicle, Sputnik, and the crewed orbital launch vehicles Vostok. R-7 derivatives are the most launched rocket family ever with over 2,000 flights as of 2026, primarily Soyuz variants.