The R-2 was a Soviet short-range ballistic missile developed from and having twice the range as the R-1 missile. Developed from 1946-1951, the R-2 entered service in numbers in 1953 and was deployed in mobile units throughout the Soviet Union until 1962. A sounding rocket derivative, the R-2A, tested a prototype of the dog-carrying capsule flown on Sputnik 2 in 1957. The same year, the R-2 was licensed for production in the People's Republic of China, where it entered service as the Dongfeng 1.