Since 2004, an insurgency has been fought in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by Islamist militant groups such as the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Jundallah, Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI), the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM), Al-Qaeda, and their Central Asian allies such as the Islamic State – Khorasan Province (ISKP), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, East Turkistan Movement, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, Ittihad-ul-Mujahideen Pakistan, and elements of organised crime. Before being transformed into an insurgency in 2017, the conflict was a war.