The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.
== Development == The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew. Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.
== Variants == An-14A The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14. An-14M Prototype. An-28 Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built. An-28RM Bryza 1RM Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft. An-28TD Bryza 1TD Transport version. An-28PT Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.
Operators
Civilian operators
Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:
Armenia Skiva Air (2) Russia Vostok Airlines (3) SiLA (3) Tajikistan Tajik Air (2)
==== Former civilian operators ==== Estonia Air Livonia Enimex Kazakhstan Avluga-Trans (11) Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Airlines (5) Moldova Tepavia Trans (4) Suriname Blue Wing Airlines (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)
=== Military operators === Georgia Georgian Air Force – two as of December 2016. Tanzania Tanzania Air Force Command – one as of December 2016. Ukraine
=== Former military operators === Djibouti Djibouti Air Force two retired. Peru Peruvian Army two in storage
=== Former operators === Soviet Union Aeroflot Soviet Air Force
== Notable accidents and incidents == 19 October 1992 Aeroflot Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board. 29 December 1999 Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the Black Sea off İnebolu, killing all six people on board. 23 November 2001 ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ES-NOV operated by Enimex, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed. 29 August 2002 Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board. 3 August 2006 A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board. 3 April 2008 A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed upon landing near Benzdorp in Suriname. All 19 on board were killed. 15 October 2009 A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 overran the runway on landing at Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip, Suriname and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously. 15 May 2010 A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed over the upper Marowijne district approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Poketi, Suriname. The two pilots and six passengers died. 30 January 2012 A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport to Namoya Airstrip, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew. 12 September 2012 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashed while on a domestic flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Palana Airport, killing ten of 14 people. 16 July 2021 SiLA Airlines Flight 42 force-landed and crashed upside-down in the Bakcharsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived. 27 February 2022 An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the attack on Hostomel.
=== 27 August 2026 === An An-28 possibly belonging to the Rwandan-backed rebel paramilitary group M-23 was shot down in the Democratic Republic of the Congo inside of M-23 controlled territory by the FARDC. An unknown amount of persons on board died.
Specifications (An-28)
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94General characteristics Crew: 2 Capacity: 17 passengers or 1,750 kg (3,860 lb) Length: 13.10 m (43 ft 0 in) Wingspan: 22.06 m (72 ft 5 in) Height: 4.90 m (16 ft 1 in) Wing area: 39.72 m2 (427.5 sq ft) Aspect ratio: 12.3 Airfoil: TsAGI R-II-14 (14% thickness) Empty weight: 3,900 kg (8,598 lb) Max takeoff weight: 6,500 kg (14,330 lb) Fuel capacity: 1,960 L (430 imp gal; 520 US gal) Powerplant: 2 × Glushenkov TVD-10B turboprop engines, 720 kW (960 shp) each Propellers: 3-bladed AW-24AN, 2.80 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter Performance
Maximum speed: 350 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) Cruise speed: 335 km/h (208 mph, 181 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft) Never exceed speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn) Range: 1,365 km (848 mi, 737 nmi) (max fuel, 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) payload) Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft) g limits: +3 Rate of climb: 8.3 m/s (1,640 ft/min) Take-off run to 10.7 m (35 ft): 410 m (1,350 ft) Landing run from 15 m (50 ft): 315 m (1,033 ft)
See also
Related development
Antonov An-14 Antonov An-38 PZL M28 Skytruck Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
CASA C-212 Aviocar De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter Dornier 228 GAF Nomad Harbin Y-12 IAI Arava Let L-410 Turbolet Short SC.7 Skyvan
Related lists
List of civil aircraft
References
Hoyle, Craig (6–12 December 2016). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 190, no. 5566. pp. 22–53. ISSN 0015-3710. Lambert, Mark, ed. (1993). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
External links
List of all PZL M28 aircraft used by Polish Air Force An-28/M28/M28B production list